In 2012, Konarzewski and Żebrowska did not imagine Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. With unthinkable new challenges facing Eastern Europe, these authors emphasize how lessons of science diplomacy of the Cold War should not be forgotten.

This article focuses on a small number of important collaborative activities between the U.S. and the USSR and Russia. Most of the following examples are based on Schweitzer's experience as the first science attaché at the U.S. embassy in Moscow (1963–66); first executive director of the team that carried out the U.S. launch of the International Science and Technology Center in Moscow (1992–94); and director for programs in Eastern Europe and Eurasia at the National Academies (1985–92) and (1994–present).

As the world moves to a militarized space, the European Union may have the tools to assist in the establishment of confidence building measures between China, Russia, and the United States in the domain of space.

How a science diplomat’s career was influenced by things he learned from his father: a shared commitment to solving a problem is the bedrock of a friendship, life is not linear, and change requires challenging the orthodoxy.

Health diplomacy has been a feature of U.S.-Russian relations since the Cold War.  Deeper engagement, with closer public and private sector cooperation, will alleviate global suffering and contribute to a more stable world.

To end our first year, Science & Diplomacy introduces a new category, "Letter from the Field," to share more personal science diplomacy stories. In the first, Jason Rao recounts his experiences in engaging a former bioweapons facility in Russia.

The Nunn-Lugar program demonstrates the importance of international scientific engagement in efforts to reduce the spread of dangerous weapons and material.

Scientific collaboration might offer one of the most promising ways for the United States to build a strong relationship with Kazakhstan.