In 2012, Konarzewski and Żebrowska did not imagine Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. With unthinkable new challenges facing Eastern Europe, these authors emphasize how lessons of science diplomacy of the Cold War should not be forgotten.

In 2012, Campbell was cautiously optimistic about the potential of science diplomacy to engage countries with whom formal relations were strained. Despite major geopolitical changes, she still believes this and is eager to see its power put to use.

Sir Chris Llewellyn Smith reviews how research facilities like CERN and SESAME foster international cooperation where relations are strained. With today’s complex geopolitics, he stresses the need for scientific collaboration across divides.

Science & Diplomacy gathered four perspectives of U.S. scientists and former diplomats who have spent several decades involved in scientific collaboration with the USSR, Russia, Ukraine, and post-Soviet states.