Iran’s electricity exports, untouched by European and U.S. sanctions, serve as an alternative outlet for Iran’s extensive natural gas reserves and also support Iran's aspirations of long-term regional influence.

For small countries with advanced S&T capacity, science diplomacy has a different focus from larger nations. It is essential in projecting New Zealand’s profile and leveraging limited resources.

Since the end of apartheid, South Africa has used science as a way to rebuild relationships and advance science.